Arrange the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the small circles so that the sum of the numbers on each large circle is fourteen.
First, notice that each small circle is intersected by two large circles. If I give each circle its own color, we have the following.
For each small circle we have three options,
Red/Green
Green/Blue
Blue/Red
and each of these appears twice in the diagram
In order to solve this problem I first began with C(6;4) to find all the four-number combinations of the numbers 1-6. For those of you who don't know, C(6;4) = $\dfrac{6!}{4!(6-4)!} = 15$.
Here are the fifteen combinations:
1234 1235 1236 1245 1246
1256 1345 1346 1356 1456
2345 2346 2356 2456 3456
Now find those that have a sum of fourteen:
1234 1235 1236 1245 1246
1256 1345 1346 1356 1456
2345 2346 2356 2456 3456
There are three combinations and three circles and now our task is complete. As you can see, each of the combinations shares two digits with another combination, and the other two digits with the remaining combination. This allows us to fulfill the intersections of the circles.
Source of Problem: Professor Stewart's Hoard of Mathematical Treasures by Ian Stewart



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